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Every sixth 16 % employee works in a part time job and this figure has been slowly but steadily increasing during the decade. Economic competitiveness is seen to be based on education, knowledge, cooperation and competitiveness. Karelian is different enough from sol Finnish to have its own orthography. They are well finnish dating culture together and were quite feminine in their clothing choices and how they carried themselves. Drinking Finns consume the equivalent of slightly over ten litres of pure alcohol per person per year, which is close to the European average. In piece, they do expect to be addressed by their title in professional and official contexts: Doctor Virtanen, Managing Director Savolainen, etc. They achieved money,power, status, but …. The influence of central European or Mediterranean drinking habits is primarily visible among urban middle class young adults and slightly older Elements with tertiary education. Trust It is common for Finns to trust other people and the authorities. I never thought that the cultural background of a dating prospect would make much of a difference when it came to relationships. January 2013 Finnish ·or suomen kieli is a civil by the majority of the population in and by outside Finland. Under the Ecclesiastic Law of 1686 a betrothal was legally binding and could be broken off only by consent of the Church.
This article needs attention from an expert in Culture. Please add a reason or a talk parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article. November 2008 The culture of combines indigenous heritage, as represented for example by the country's and , the , with common , and culture. Because of its history and geographic location Finland has been influenced by the adjacent areas, various and peoples as well as the former dominant powers of Sweden and Russia. Finnish culture may be seen to build upon the relatively ascetic environmental realities, traditional livelihoods and a heritage of , see e. There are still cultural differences between Finland's regions, especially minor differences in accents and vocabulary. Minorities, some of which have a status recognised by the state, such as the , , , , and , maintain their own cultural characteristics. Many are emotionally connected to the countryside and nature, as large-scale urbanisation is a relatively recent phenomenon. Prehistoric painted rock art of moose, human figures, and boats in Astuvansalmi, Finland from ca. Following the recession of the , which covered most of northern Europe, from Great Britain to Moscow, around 8000 BC, people began arriving in what is today Finland, presumably mainly from the south and east although recent archaeological finds reveal a presence of the north-western in north Finland equally old to the earliest finds on the Norwegian coast. The area of Finland belonged to the northeastern until around 5000 BC and from about 4200—2000 BC. The on the southwestern coast of Finland showed around 1200 BC. The national epic of Finland , 1888 From 1100 to 1200, the crown of Sweden started to incorporate Finland. However, Novgorod also attempted to gain control. Several wars were fought between Sweden and Novgorod and later Muscovy and Russia between 1400 and 1700. In 1721, the Nystad Peace Treaty was signed ending Swedish dominance in the Baltic region. In 1809, Finland was annexed by Russia. From 1809 to 1917, Finland was a with the Russian Czar as the constitutional monarch. The verses in the originate mainly from and. The 19th century brought a feeling of and Nationalism throughout Europe. Finland's nationalism also grew where cultural identity and control of their land became a priority. Expression of Finnish identity by the , A. Notably, nationalists did not consider the Swedish-speakers members of a different Swedish nation; in fact, many Fennomans came from Swedish-speaking families. A peasant girl and a woman in traditional dress from Ruokolahti, eastern Finland, as depicted by Severin Falkman in 1882 The Finnish-speaking part of the population are called , possibly including a subculture of. The Finnish language is not an , and belongs to of languages. Finns are traditionally divided to subgroups heimo according to dialect, but these groupings have only a minor importance due to 20th century urbanization and internal migration. The Finnish society encourages equality and liberalism with a popular commitment to the ideals of the ; discouraging disparity of wealth and division into social classes. Ministry of Environment, 1999 is a philosophy carried over from ancient times. All citizens have access to public and private lands for agrarian activities or leisure. Finns value being close to nature, the agricultural roots are embedded in the rural lifestyle. Finns are also nationalistic, as opposed to self-identification with ethnicity or clan. The traditions were partly indigenous, but also influenced by Baltic and Norse paganism. Prior to Christianisation in the 11th century, Finnish paganism was the primary religion. Christianity entered Finnish culture in the 12th century. As in 2016, 72. In general, Finns are secular in their views. With the emergence of reform, the Compulsory Education Act made education a civil right and available to all citizens, except for tertiary education, which is free of charge and admissions are based strictly on test scores. The beliefs of the Finns are future employment security necessitating higher education in today's increasingly technological world. Native subcultures Subcultures have been a part of Finnish history. The largest subculture is the. The political party, literally The Swedish People's Party , has traditionally had a small but important part of the Swedish-Finnish culture. The daily newspaper meaning 'Capital City Paper' is the biggest Swedish Daily Newspaper in Finland and has its headquarters in Helsinki. The Swedish-speaking minority has been the target of harassment and discrimination in Finland. Today, however, most differences are blurred though rich, powerful Swedish-speaking families still exist due to mixed marriages and inter-cultural homogenization and communication. The Swedish-Finnish group does have unique traditions distinct from the mainstream Finnish-speaking ones, but does not live in a different society. The group has various origins, both from language switching and from immigration. The region of the North holds the population. Up to around 1500, the Sami were mainly fishermen and trappers, usually in a combination, leading a nomadic lifestyle decided by the migrations of the reindeer. Traditionally, Sami people engaged in fishing, trapping and herding reindeer. They have traditionally organized their societies differently from the Finns due to their nomadic lifestyle. Their native language is not Finnish, but one of the three spoken in Finland. However, modern times have brought most Sami to urban areas, where they assimilate to mainstream society and speak Finnish. Currently, the Sami are a 5% minority in their native. Another nomadic group is the Finnish who have existed since the 17th century. For centuries Gypsy men were horse traders, where as in the post-war era they have turned to horse breeding and dealing in automobiles and scrap metal. Women traditionally engage in fortune telling and hand crafts. Gypsies have been the target of harassment and discrimination in Finland. The law punished blatant acts such as barring Gypsies from restaurants or shops or subjecting them to unusual surveillance by shopkeepers or the police. After examining the position of women around the world, the Washington-based Population Crisis Committee reported in 1988 that Finland, slightly behind top-ranked Sweden and just ahead of the United States, was one of the very best places in which a woman could live. The group reached this conclusion after examining the health, educational, economic, and legal conditions that affect women's lives. When compared with women of other nations, Finnish women, who accounted for just over 50 percent of the population in the mid-1980s, did have a privileged place. They were the first in Europe to gain the franchise, and by the 1980s they routinely constituted about one-third of the membership of the Eduskunta parliament and held several ministerial posts. In the 1980s, about 75 percent of adult women worked outside the home; they made up about 48 percent of the work force. Finnish women were as well educated as their male counterparts, and, in some cases, the number of women studying at the university level, for example, were slightly ahead of the number of men. In addition to an expanding welfare system, which since World War II had come to provide them with substantial assistance in the area of childbearing and child-rearing, women had made notable legislative gains that brought them closer to full equality with men. In 1972 the Council for Equality was established to advise lawmakers on methods for realizing full legal equality for women. In 1983 legislation arranged that both parents were to have equal rights for custody of their children. A year later, women were granted equal rights in the establishment of their children's nationality. Henceforth any child born of a Finnish woman would have Finnish citizenship. After a very heated national debate, legislation was passed in 1985 that gave women an equal right to decide what surname or surnames they and their children would use. These advances were capped by a law that went into effect in early 1987 forbidding any discrimination on the basis of sex and providing protection against it. Once these laws were passed, Finnish authorities signed the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, in 1986. In a number of areas, however, the country's small feminist movement maintained that the circumstances in which Finnish women lived needed to be improved. Most striking was the disparity in wages. Although women made up just under half the work force and had a tradition of working outside the home, they earned only about two-thirds of the wages paid to men. Occupations in which women predominated, such as those of retail and office personnel, were poorly paid in contrast to those in which men constituted the majority. Despite the sexes' equal educational attainments, and despite a society where sexual differentiation played a smaller role than it did in many other countries, occupational segregation in Finland was marked. In few of the twenty most common occupations were the two sexes equally represented. Only in occupations relating to agriculture, forestry, and school teaching was a rough parity approached, and as few as 6 percent of Finns worked in jobs where 40 to 60 percent of workers were of the opposite sex. Studies also found that equal educational levels did not—in any category of training—prevent women's wages from lagging behind those paid to men. Women tended to occupy lower positions, while males were more often supervisors or managers. This was the case everywhere, whether in schools or universities, in business, in the civil service, or in politics at both the local level and the national level. In addition to their occupying secondary position in the workplace, women had longer workdays because they performed a greater share of household tasks than did men. On the average, their workweek outside the home was several hours shorter than men's because a greater portion of them were employed only part-time or worked in the service sector, where hours were shorter than they were in manufacturing. Studies have found, however, that women spent about twice as much time on housework as men—about three hours and forty minutes a day, compared with one hour and fifty minutes for men. Men did twice as many household repairs and about an equal amount of shopping, but they devoted only one-third to one-fourth as much time to cleaning, cooking, and caring for children. Given that the bulk of family chores fell to women, and that they were five times more likely than men to head a single-parent family, the shortcomings of Finland's child day-care system affected women more than it did men. The Equality Law that went into effect in 1987 committed the country to achieving full equality for women. In the late 1980s, there was a timetable listing specific goals to be achieved during the remainder of the twentieth century. The emphasis was to be equality for everyone, rather than protection for women. Efforts were undertaken not only to place women in occupations dominated by males, but also to bring males into fields traditionally believed to belong to the women's sphere, such as child care and elementary school teaching. Another aim was for women to occupy a more equal share of decision-making positions. The Finnish family life is usually understood to be centered on the , rather than the. There are usually one or two children in a family. Traditionally, men were the wage-earners and women remained in the home and cared for children. However, since the Second , have changed. Today, both men and women are dual wage-earners. The welfare system allows for generous parental leave with income-based benefits Leitner, A. Finnish parents have the option to take partial or total leave they are entitled to. A majority of mothers opt to take longer leave, up to one year. Finland has the highest proportion of quarterlifers, those in their twenties who have i. Finnish holidays are similar to the Western Christian calendar and Protestant traditions. Holidays and traditions are a blend of the thousand-year old Christian presence and vestiges of old. Notable among these is , the Finnish. A majority of Finns retreat to summer cottages mökki on any one of Finland's numerous lakes. Depending on the region, a bonfire at midnight celebrates the summer , and in , the Swedish-originated tradition of dancing around the is observed. The midsummer traditions also include different versions of pairing magic and folklore in the festivities. The Finnish Christmas, Joulu, follows traditions of and the. Holidays start on December 23. Gift giving occurs on Christmas Eve with a visit from ,. Traditional meals are typically only eaten on Christmas followed by. Easter is a combination of Christian and Pagan customs. Either on or the , children dress up as witches noita and go from door to door, giving away adorned branches of in exchange for sweets. This is similar to the celebration of Halloween in some countries such as United Kingdom and United States. Burning Easter bonfires is a Pagan custom meant to keep witches at bay. It can be compared to with parades and parties. Traditionally, the event begins on the eve of Vappu by former and current students putting on their graduation cap. Finnish Independence Day is December 6 and a national holiday. The word is of Proto-Finnish origin found in Finnic and Sámi languages dating back 7,000 years. The 's purpose is to bathe, and the heat either dry or steam opens pores in the skin and thoroughly cleanses the body. Cedar or birch branches can be tapped along the body to stimulate blood circulation. The sauna soothes sore and aching muscles. The Finns often use and have used the sauna to recover from hard physical labor. Sauna culture dictates subdued speech and time for thought to soothe the mind. Sauna is not to be rushed as it is essential to spiritual living. The structure of the sauna began as a small log building partially buried in the earth. In Finnish saunas, temperature is set to about 60—100 °C, and small amounts of water thrown on rocks atop the stove emit steam, which produces a heat sensation. Traditional sauna includes the process of perspiring and cooling several times. A part of the cooling process may be a swim in the lake before returning to the sauna for an additional sweat. Steam baths have been part of European tradition elsewhere as well, but the sauna has survived best in Finland, in addition to Sweden, Estonia, Russia, Norway, and parts of the United States and Canada. Moreover, nearly all Finnish houses have either their own sauna, or in multistory apartment houses, a timeshared sauna. Public saunas were previously common, but the tradition has declined when saunas have been built nearly everywhere private homes, municipal swimming halls, hotels, corporate headquarters, gyms, etc. Finland has a great amount of summer festivals, the biggest being music festivals. Main article: Though Finnish written language could be said to exist since translated the into Finnish in the 16th century as a result of the , few notable works of literature were written until the 19th century, which saw the beginning of a Finnish national. This prompted to collect Finnish and Karelian folk poetry and arrange and publish them as , the Finnish. The era saw a rise of poets and novelists who wrote in Finnish, notably and. After Finland became independent there was a rise of modernist writers, most famously. The prompted a return to more national interests in comparison to a more international line of thought, characterized by. Literature in modern Finland is in a healthy state, with detective stories enjoying a particular boom of popularity. Alvar Aalto, Viipuri Library 1927—35 Innovative functionalist movements have distinguished design of furniture, ceramics, glass, and textiles as well the Finnish architecture. Finnish design combines local artistic themes with tools and materials adapted to demanding northern conditions. Many artists and architects, from to , have designed furniture and tableware during their career. Forces, shapes, colors, and textures of the northern landscape and the human relationship to nature have strongly influenced also painting, sculpture, and other art forms. This is particularly evident in the representational that blossomed at the end of the nineteenth century. Abstract art movements did not gain a foothold until the 1950s. When 's monumental painting Contrapunctus 1959 won competition for mural in Helsinki, abstract art was considered to be accepted and established in Finland. In recent years, however, graphic artists have experimented with innovative processes of image production and multimedia technologies to create new forms of art that sometimes serve as critiques of society and technology. The Finnish contemporary art scene became much more visible than before with the establishment of , the Museum of Contemporary Art in Helsinki in 1998. Main article: The architecture of Finland has a notable history spanning over 800 years. As a land of predominating forests, wood provided the natural building material for both housing and public buildings up until the 20th century. The more limited history of stone buildings before the 19th century was realised, however, in various stone churches, castles and fortresses. Finnish architecture has contributed significantly to several styles internationally, such as Jugenstil or , and. Three of the world's most noted figures in architecture history were Finns; was a major influence in architecture, with such buildings as the and, following his emigration to the USA, the in Michigan. His son, Eero Saarinen, though born in Finland is also regarded as an American architect, and created significant pieces of architecture throughout the USA, including the at New York's Kennedy Airport and the in St. The works of Finland's most noted modernist architect, Alvar Aalto, regarded as one of the major figures in the world history of modern architecture, has had significant worldwide influence; he was instrumental in bringing to Finland, but also made his reputation for developing a more organic style of modernist architecture. Among his most famous buildings are , and the dormitory at , , USA. Aalto is also famous for his work in furniture e. Karelian culture is perceived as the purest expression of the myths and beliefs, less influenced by influence, in contrast to Finland's position between and the West. Finnish has undergone a in recent decades, and has become a part of , for example the group. Sami music The Finnish composer 1865—1957 , a significant figure in the history of. The first Finnish opera was written by the German composer in 1852. Pacius also wrote , Finland's. In the 1890s Finnish nationalism based on the Kalevala spread, and became famous for his vocal symphony. He soon received a grant to study runo singers in Karelia and continued his rise as the first prominent Finnish musician. In 1899 he composed , which played its important role in Finland gaining independence. He remains one of Finland's most popular national figures and is a symbol of the nation. Today, Finland has a very lively classical music scene. Finnish classical music has only existed for about a hundred years, and many of the important composers are still alive, such as , , and. The composers are accompanied by a large number of great conductors such as , , , , , and. Some of the internationally acclaimed Finnish classical musicians are , , , , and. Popular music Modern Finnish popular music includes a renowned scene, in common with other , as well as a number of prominent rock bands, performers, pop music and acts such as , and. Some important Jazz Musicians are the brothers Heikki and Pekka Sarmanto, Jukka Linkola, Keith Hall UK , Esko Linnavalli and Vladimir Schafranov Russia. The producer , who has a Finnish and Israeli descent, is common in a lot of Finnish hit songs and in America. Finnish such as the record label enjoys underground acclaim. Iskelmä coined directly from the German word , meaning hit is a traditional Finnish word for a light popular song. Finnish popular music also includes various kinds of ; , a style of , is also popular. One of the most productive composers of popular music was , and the most famous singer 1915—1972. Among the lyricists, 1928—2014 , died 1965 and are a few of the most notable writers. The composer and bandleader is well known for his brand of retro-funk music. Dance music Notable Finnish dance and electronic music artists include , , , , , DJ Muffler, trance duo and. Finnish dance music is also known for , a kind of freestyle that originated in Finland around the mid-1990s. Rock and heavy metal music 's playing metal music live. The Finnish rock music scene emerged in the 1960s, pioneered by artists such as and. In the 1970s Finnish rock musicians started to write their own music instead of translating international hits into Finnish. During the decade some groups, such as and , gained respect abroad but failed to make a commercial breakthrough outside Finland. This was also the fate of the group,. The Finnish punk scene produced some internationally respected names including in 1980s. In the late 1990s the group played as cello quartettos and sold half a million records worldwide. Some of the Finland's most domestically popular rock groups are and. Finland also helped bring music more popularity, through bands such as and. In the 2000s Finnish rock bands started to sell well internationally. Their 2003 album sold 1. But so far the most successful Finnish band in the United States has been ; they were the first band from Finland to ever sell an album that was certified gold by the RIAA. Rock bands such as , and enjoy cult following abroad. See also: Finland has a number of soap operas and television reality series, such as and. Sketches are a popular form of humor in Finland. Comedy has a strong representation, with some examples of popular artists being , , , , , and. YouTube videos and have found their audience in second half of 2010s. YouTube event gathers thousands of fans to meet the most popular Finnish YouTube creators. Games are recognized as a form of culture in Finland. Professional game development has a strong basis in education, In 2015, there are over 20 educational institutions providing game education in all educational levels. The first commercial Finnish digital game was published in 1979 and the first globally distributed game in 1986. In 2009, of became the big hit. Rovio is a , , of and is an entertainment company headquartered in ,. See also: , , and Finland is one of the most advanced information societies in the world. There are 200 newspapers; 320 popular magazines, 2,100 professional magazines and 67 commercial radio stations, with one nationwide, five national three in Finnish, two in Swedish, one in Sami ; has three channels. Four national channels two public service and two commercial were fully replaced by five public service and three commercial channels on September 1, 2007. Broadband access is a legal right, and by 2015 over 93% of population was online. In 2015, 95% of Finns read a newspaper in print or online at least once per week - which was the highest value in countries compared by Reuters including Denmark 87% UK 73% and USA 56%. The most read newspaper in Finland is , with a circulation of 267,000. The media group behind Helsingin Sanomat also publishes the and commerce-oriented Taloussanomat. It also owns the television channel. Sanoma's largest shareholders are 's family foundation and. The other major publisher publishes almost thirty magazines, including newspaper , tabloid and commerce-oriented Kauppalehti. Finland has been at the top of the worldwide Ranking list every year since the publication of the first index by in 2002. In 2015, there were 765 public libraries, which were visited over 49 million times. Over 10,000 books and 46 daily 4-7 times a week newspapers were published. Finland's National Broadcasting Company is an independent state-owned company. It has five television channels and 13 radio channels in two national languages. YLE is funded through a and private television broadcasting license fees. Ongoing transformation to digital TV broadcasting is in progress — analog broadcasts ceased on the terrestrial network August 31, 2007 and will cease on cable at the end of February 2008. The most popular television channel and the most popular radio channel are owned by Nordic Broadcasting and Proventus Industrier. English news about Finland are provided in real-time via. The people of Finland are accustomed to technology and information services. The number of cellular phone subscribers as well as the number of Internet connections per capita in Finland are among the highest in the world. According to the Ministry of Transport and Communications, Finnish mobile phone penetration exceeded fifty percent of the population as far back as August 1998 — first in the world — and by December 1998 the number of cell phone subscriptions outnumbered fixed-line phone connections. By the end of June 2007 there were 5. Another fast-growing sector is the use of the Internet. Finland had more than 1. The Finns are not only connected; they are heavy users of Internet services. All Finnish schools and public libraries have been connected to the Internet for years. Finland is also internationally known for major achievements, particularly due to largest annual demo party. Main article: Traditional is a combination of , and elements; table manners are European. The food is generally simple, fresh and healthy. Meat, , milk and ground vegetables are typical ingredients whereas spices are not common due to their historical unavailability. In years past, Finnish food often varied from region to region, most notably between the west and east. In coastal and lakeside villages, fish was a main feature of cooking, whereas in the eastern and also northern regions, vegetables and game were more common. In Finnish Lapland, was also important. The prototypical breakfast is or other continental-style foods such as bread. Lunch is usually a full warm meal, served by a at workplaces. Dinner is eaten at around 17. Modern Finnish cuisine combines country fare and with contemporary continental cooking style. Today, spices are a prominent ingredient in many modern Finnish , having been adopted from the east and west in recent decades. See also: All official holidays in Finland are established by acts of. The official holidays can be divided into Christian and secular holidays, although some of the Christian holidays have replaced holidays of pagan origin. The main Christian holidays are Christmas, , Easter, , , and. The secular holidays are New Year's Day, May Day, , and the. Christmas is the most extensively celebrated holiday: usually at least December 24 to 26 are holidays. Various sporting events are popular in Finland. However, in terms of actually playing sports, the most popular ones in terms of people registered to a club are football and horse-riding. The is considered one of the best in the world and has won the world championships twice in 1995 and 2011. During the past century there has been a rivalry in sporting between Finland and Sweden, mostly in ice hockey and athletics. Association football is also popular in Finland, though the has never qualified for a finals tournament of the or the. In 2011 figure skater was ranked 4th in the world. Relative to its population, Finland has been a top country in the world in , measured by international success. Finland has produced three — , , , and and ,. Along with Räikkönen, the other Finnish Formula One driver currently active is. Rosberg's son, , is also currently driving, but under his mother's German nationality. Other notable Finnish Grand Prix drivers include , , and. Finland has also produced most of the world's best drivers, including the ex- drivers , , , , and. The only Finn to have won a , , was killed in 1973 while racing. Among , Finland has been the most successful country in , with former ski jumper being arguably the best ever in that sport. Most notably, he won five Olympic medals four gold and nine World Championships medals five gold. Among currently active Finnish ski jumpers, has been the most successful. Some of the most outstanding athletes from the past include 1890—1966 , 1897—1973 and 1896—1982 who won eighteen and seven silver Olympic medals in the and. Another long-distance runner, born 1949 , won a total of four gold medals during the and. Also, in the past, , and have been the greatest in the country, participating in the competition between 1993 and 2000. The , officially known as the Games of the XV Olympiad, were held in 1952 in , Finland. Other notable sporting events held in Finland include the and , among others. Some of the most popular recreational sports and activities include , , running, cycling and. Lutheran church in Finland. Retrieved 4 September 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016. European Journal of Education. Retrieved May 12, 2017. Countries and their cultures - World Culture Encyclopedia. Retrieved 3 September 2016. Ehtiihän Pariisiin in Finnish. Art Museum in Jyväskylä. Retrieved 4 September 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016. Finnish Communications Regulatory Authority FICORA. Archived from PDF on September 25, 2007.
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